Which of the following is an example of a fungal infection?

Candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is indeed a type of fungal infection caused primarily by the overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. This condition can occur in various parts of the body, but it most often affects the mouth and genitals.

The primary reason this answer is correct lies in the nature of the organism causing the infection. Fungi, such as those in the Candida genus, differ significantly from bacteria and viruses in their structure and reproduction methods. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, characterized by complex cellular structures, including a defined nucleus, while bacteria and viruses have simpler forms of cellular organization.

In contrast, the other listed infections are caused by various pathogens: influenza is a viral infection, chlamydia is a bacterial infection, and rabies is also a viral infection. Understanding this distinction is crucial in microbiology, as it helps determine the appropriate treatment and management of each specific type of infection.