Which of the following is considered a common opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals?

Candida albicans is considered a common opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals due to its ability to thrive in an environment where the host's immune defenses are weakened. This fungal organism is normally found in small amounts within healthy human microbiota, particularly in areas such as the mouth, gut, and vagina. However, when the immune system is compromised—due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer therapies, or prolonged antibiotic use—Candida can overgrow and lead to infections.

Immunocompromised individuals are less capable of controlling such yeast overgrowth, making them more susceptible to systemic infections known as candidiasis. Conditions like oral thrush, esophagitis, and invasive candidiasis are noteworthy complications that can arise from this pathogenicity. The ability of Candida to form biofilms and its capacity to adapt to different environments further enhance its opportunistic nature, including resistance to some common antifungal treatments.

In contrast, the other pathogens listed typically do not exhibit this level of opportunistic behavior in immunocompromised persons or have different implications associated with infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae primarily affects those with pre-existing lung conditions or in young children, while Mycobacterium leprae is linked to leprosy and is not classified