Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis?

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic intestinal disease that primarily affects ruminants, particularly cattle, sheep, and goats. This disease is characterized by a long incubation period and symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, and decreased milk production. The bacterium leads to the thickening of the intestinal walls and can eventually result in significant health issues for the affected animals.

Johne's disease is notable for its impact on the agricultural industry, where it can lead to economic losses due to decreased productivity and the need for management practices to control the spread of this disease among herds. Identifying the causative agent is crucial for developing effective control measures, vaccines, and treatment approaches, although no definitive cure exists for infected animals.

The other options listed refer to different diseases caused by various pathogens. Brucellosis, for example, is caused by Brucella species, Foot and mouth disease is a viral illness affecting livestock, and anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis. Each of these diseases has distinct etiological agents and should not be confused with Johne's disease and its causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis