Which bacterium is responsible for tetanus?

Clostridium tetani is the bacterium responsible for tetanus, a serious neurological condition characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms. This anaerobic bacterium produces a potent neurotoxin called tetanospasmin, which interferes with normal nerve signaling. When the spores of Clostridium tetani enter the body, typically through deep wounds, they can germinate in low-oxygen environments and begin producing this toxin.

Tetanus manifests when the toxin spreads through the bloodstream and affects the central nervous system, leading to the characteristic symptoms such as lockjaw and muscle rigidity. Vaccination against tetanus, typically administered as part of the DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine, is crucial for prevention.

Understanding the role of Clostridium tetani highlights the importance of wound care and vaccination in preventing tetanus and protecting public health. The other bacteria listed do not have a role in causing tetanus. For example, Clostridium difficile is mainly associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis, Clostridium botulinum causes botulism through a different toxin, and Escherichia coli is primarily known for gastrointestinal infections, not for causing tetanus.