What is a serological test designed to detect?

A serological test is specifically designed to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens within a serum sample. These tests are crucial in diagnosing various infectious diseases and determining immune responses. For example, if a person has been exposed to a pathogen, their immune system produces specific antibodies that can be identified through serological methods, thus helping in confirming infection or immunity status.

In clinical practice, serological tests can be used to detect diseases like HIV, Hepatitis, and Lyme disease by identifying the antibodies produced in response to these infections. Alternatively, these tests can also directly detect antigens from pathogens, which can be helpful for early diagnosis when antibodies may not yet be present. This capability makes serological tests a powerful tool in microbiology and infectious disease management.