What disease is characterized as highly contagious and primarily affects pigs?

Hog cholera, also known as classical swine fever, is a viral disease caused by the Classical swine fever virus that is known for its high contagiousness among pigs. This disease can lead to severe economic impacts within the swine industry due to the high mortality rates and the strict quarantine and control measures needed to prevent its spread.

This condition primarily affects domesticated pigs and wild boar, showcasing its particular relevance in swine health. The symptoms can range from fever, skin lesions, and nervous signs to significant reproductive issues in infected animals.

In contrast, while Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) also affects pigs, it is not characterized as being as highly contagious as hog cholera. Avian Influenza primarily affects birds, not pigs, and Foot-and-mouth disease, although it affects multiple livestock species, is not exclusive to pigs and tends to have a broader range of animal hosts. Thus, the distinctive characteristics of hog cholera highlight its contagion within a swine population, making it the correct choice for the disease identified in the question.