What disease is Borrelia burgdorferi responsible for in humans and animals?

Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, which is a tick-borne illness primarily transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes ticks). The disease is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, fatigue, and the hallmark skin rash known as erythema migrans. If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to more serious complications affecting the joints, heart, and nervous system.

Understanding Lyme disease is crucial because it highlights the importance of preventive measures against tick bites, especially in areas where the disease is prevalent. The life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi involves not only humans and domestic animals but also various wildlife, emphasizing the ecological aspects of transmission and the need for surveillance in these environments.

The other diseases mentioned, such as leptospirosis and mycoplasma infections, are caused by different pathogens and are not related to Borrelia burgdorferi. Rabbit syphilis, while involving a different species, is also not connected to Lyme disease. This distinction is essential for effectively diagnosing and treating the respective conditions.