How do prions differ from viruses in terms of their structure?

Prions significantly differ from viruses in that they are infectious proteins that lack nucleic acids entirely. Prions are misfolded proteins that induce misfolding in normal proteins, leading to dysfunction in host cells, particularly in the nervous system. This unique mechanism of pathogenicity sets prions apart from viruses, which are composed of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) encased in a protein coat.

Viruses rely on their nucleic acids to replicate and propagate, as they need to hijack the host's cellular machinery to produce new viral particles. In contrast, prions do not involve or require any form of nucleic acid for their infectious properties and transmission. This fundamental structural difference is crucial for understanding how these agents cause disease and the strategies for managing infections they provoke.

Other options present misunderstandings about the characteristics of prions and viruses, emphasizing the distinct nature of proteins and nucleic acids in these biological entities.